Geography of Nepal and Geology of Nepal

 Geography of Nepal and Geology of Nepal

Nepal is of generally trapezoidal shape, 800 kilometers (497 mi) long and 200 kilometers (124 mi) wide, with a region of 147,181 km2 (56,827 sq mi). See List of regions by size for the similar size of Nepal. It lies between scopes 26° and 31°N, and longitudes 80° and 89°E. 

Nepal is regularly partitioned into three physiographic territories: Mountain, Hill and Terai. These natural belts run east-west and are vertically met by Nepal's real, north to south streaming stream frameworks.
photo credit - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Nepal

The southern marsh fields or Terai bordering India are a piece of the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic fields. They were shaped and are nourished by three noteworthy Himalayan streams: the Kosi, the Narayani, and the Karnali and also littler waterways ascending underneath the changeless snowline. This area has a subtropical to tropical atmosphere. The peripheral scope of foothills called Shiwalik or Churia Range peaking at 700 to 1,000 meters (2,297 to 3,281 ft) denote the breaking point of the Gangetic Plain, however wide, low valleys called Inner Tarai (Bhitri Tarai Uptyaka) lie north of these foothills in a few spots. 

The Hill Region (Pahad) adjoins the mountains and shifts from 800 to 4,000 meters (2,625 to 13,123 ft) in height with movement from subtropical atmospheres beneath 1,200 meters (3,937 ft) to snow capped atmospheres over 3,600 meters (11,811 ft). The Mahabharat Range coming to 1,500 to 3,000 meters (4,921 to 9,843 ft) is the southern furthest reaches of this locale, with subtropical waterway valleys and "slopes" rotating toward the north of this reach. Populace thickness is high in valleys yet prominently less over 2,000 meters (6,562 ft) and low over 2,500 meters (8,202 ft) where snow sporadically falls in winter. 

The Mountain Region (Himal), arranged in the Great Himalayan Range, makes up the northern piece of Nepal. It contains the most noteworthy rises on the planet including 8,848 meters (29,029 ft) stature Mount Everest (Sagarmatha in Nepali) on the fringe with China. Seven other of the world's eight thousand meter crests are in Nepal or on its fringe with China: Lhotse, Makalu, Cho Oyu, Kanchenjunga, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna and Manaslu. 

Nepal has five climatic zones, comprehensively relating to the heights. The tropical and subtropical zones lie underneath 1,200 meters (3,937 ft), the calm zone 1,200 to 2,400 meters (3,937 to 7,874 ft), the frosty zone 2,400 to 3,600 meters (7,874 to 11,811 ft), the subarctic zone 3,600 to 4,400 meters (11,811 to 14,436 ft), and the Arctic zone over 4,400 meters (14,436 ft). 

Nepal encounters five seasons: summer, rainstorm, pre-winter, winter and spring. The Himalaya pieces chilly winds from Central Asia in the winter and structures the northern furthest reaches of the rainstorm wind designs. In an area once thickly forested, deforestation is a real issue in all districts, with coming about disintegration and corruption of biological systems. 

Nepal is mainstream for mountaineering, having a percentage of the most astounding and most difficult mountains on the planet, including Mount Everest. Actually, the south-east edge on the Nepali side of the mountain is less demanding to climb; in this way, most climbers want to trek to Everest through Nepal. 

Most noteworthy Mountains in Nepal

Mountain	Height		Section	Location
Mount Everest (Highest)	8,848 m	29,029 ft	Khumbu Mahalangur	Solukhumbu District, Sagarmatha Zone ( Nepal China Border)
Kanchenjunga (3rd highest)	8,586 m	28,169 ft	Northern Kanchenjunga	Taplejung District, Mechi Zone ( Nepal Sikkim Border)
Lhotse (4th highest)	8,516 m	27,940 ft	Everest Group	Solukhumbu District, Sagarmatha Zone ( Nepal China Border)
Makalu (5th highest)	8,462 m	27,762 ft	Makalu Mahalangur	Sankhuwasabha District, Kosi Zone ( Nepal China Border)
Cho Oyu (6th highest)	8,201 m	26,906 ft	Khumbu Mahalangur	Solukhumbu District, Sagarmatha Zone ( Nepal China Border)
Dhaulagiri I (7th highest)	8,167 m	26,795 ft	Dhaulagiri	Myagdi District, Dhawalagiri Zone
Manaslu (8th highest)	8,156 m	26,759 ft	Mansiri	Gorkha District / Manang District, Gandaki Zone
Annapurna I (10th highest)	8,091 m	26,545 ft	Annapurna	Kaski District, Gandaki Zone / Myagdi District, Dhawalagiri Zone

Neotectonics

The impact between the Indian subcontinent and the Eurasian mainland, which began in Paleogene time and proceeds with today, delivered the Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau. Nepal lies totally inside this impact zone, possessing the focal area of the Himalayan bend, almost 33% of the 2,400 km (1,500 mi)-long Himalayas.

The Indian plate keeps on moving north in respect to Asia at the rate of more or less 50 mm (2.0 in) every year. Given the colossal extents of the squares of the Earth's outside layer included, this is strikingly quick, about double the velocity at which human fingernails develop. As the solid Indian mainland outside layer subducts underneath the moderately feeble Tibetan hull, it pushes up the Himalayan Mountains. This crash zone has obliged immense measures of crustal shortening as the stone successions slide one over another. As being what is indicated, Nepal is inclined to successive quakes, with major tremors happening each 1000 years.

Disintegration of the Himalayas is a critical wellspring of silt, which streams through a few incredible waterways, the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra waterway framework to the Indian Ocean.

Environment

The sensational contrasts in rise found in Nepal result in a mixture of biomes, from tropical savannas along the Indian outskirt, to subtropical broadleaf and coniferous woodlands in the Hill Region, to mild broadleaf and coniferous backwoods on the slants of the Himalaya, to montane meadows and shrublands and shake and ice at the most noteworthy heights. 

At the most reduced rises is the Terai-Duar savanna and meadows ecoregion. These structure a mosaic with the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf woods, which happen from 500 to 1,000 meters (1,600 to 3,300 ft) and incorporate the Inner Terai Valleys. Himalayan subtropical pine woodlands happen somewhere around 1,000 and 2,000 meters (3,300 and 6,600 ft). 

Over these rises, the biogeography of Nepal is by and large partitioned from east to west by the Gandaki River. Ecoregions toward the east have a tendency to get more precipitation and to be more species-rich. Those toward the west are drier with less species. 

From 1,500 to 3,000 meters (4,900 to 9,800 ft), are mild broadleaf backwoods: the eastern and western Himalayan broadleaf timberlands. From 3,000 to 4,000 meters (9,800 to 13,100 ft) are the eastern and western Himalayan subalpine conifer timberlands. To 5,500 meters (18,000 ft) are the eastern and western Himalayan snow capped bush and glades.